主题词：Italy: Economic History and Contemporary Issues; Labor market dynamics and wage inequality; Monetary Policy and Economic Impact; Firm Innovation and Growth; Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth; Economic theories and models; Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis; Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis; Economic Policies and Impacts; Economic Theory and Policy; Global trade and economics; Housing Market and Economics; Employment and Welfare Studies; Economic Growth and Productivity; Income, Poverty, and Inequality; Banking stability, regulation, efficiency; Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies; Housing, Finance, and Neoliberalism; Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics; Regional Development and Policy; Regional resilience and development; Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis; Fiscal Policies and Political Economy; Migration and Labor Dynamics; Climate Change Policy and Economics