主题词：Geographic Information Systems Studies; French Urban and Social Studies; Agriculture and Rural Development Research; Land Use and Ecosystem Services; Data Management and Algorithms; 3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications; Semantic Web and Ontologies; African Botany and Ecology Studies; Urban Transport and Accessibility; Soil erosion and sediment transport; Urban Design and Spatial Analysis; Soil and Land Suitability Analysis; Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization; Groundwater and Watershed Analysis; Flood Risk Assessment and Management; Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications; Remote Sensing and Land Use; 3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage; Transportation Planning and Optimization; Historical Geography and Cartography; Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis; Remote Sensing in Agriculture; Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies; Landslides and related hazards; Urban Heat Island Mitigation