主题词：Land Use and Ecosystem Services; Urbanization and City Planning; Polish socio-economic development; Urban Transport and Accessibility; Regional Development and Policy; Geographic Information Systems Studies; Flood Risk Assessment and Management; Urban and Rural Development Challenges; Botany and Plant Ecology Studies; Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis; Cross-Border Cooperation and Integration; 3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications; Migration, Aging, and Tourism Studies; Urban Development and Cultural Heritage; Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research; Cultural Heritage Management and Preservation; Rural development and sustainability; Cultural Industries and Urban Development; Urban Design and Spatial Analysis; Regional resilience and development; Urban Planning and Governance; Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management; Housing Market and Economics; Urban Green Space and Health; Transportation Planning and Optimization