主题词：Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts; Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies; Islamic Studies and History; Middle East Politics and Society; Socioeconomic Development in MENA; Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence; Turkey's Politics and Society; Political Conflict and Governance; Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East; Global Peace and Security Dynamics; Islamic Finance and Banking Studies; Economic Sanctions and International Relations; Security, Politics, and Digital Transformation; International Relations and Foreign Policy; African history and culture analysis; Natural Resources and Economic Development; Global Energy Security and Policy; Religion, Society, and Development; International Development and Aid; Belt and Road Initiative; Post-Soviet Geopolitical Dynamics; Education and Islamic Studies; Diverse Scientific and Economic Studies; Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts; Transboundary Water Resource Management