主题词：Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography; Electrochemical sensors and biosensors; Analytical chemistry methods development; Electrochemical Analysis and Applications; Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies; Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals; Analytical Chemistry and Sensors; Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques; Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis; Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications; Diverse Scientific and Economic Studies; Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies; Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications; Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses; Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety; Biosensors and Analytical Detection; Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis; 14-3-3 protein interactions; Cancer Mechanisms and Therapy; Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection; Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy; Dye analysis and toxicity; Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal; Computational Drug Discovery Methods; Conducting polymers and applications