主题词：TGF-β signaling in diseases; Fibroblast Growth Factor Research; Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors; Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer; Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research; Cell Adhesion Molecules Research; Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism; Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions; Pancreatic function and diabetes; Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research; Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer; Liver physiology and pathology; Mesenchymal stem cell research; HER2/EGFR in Cancer Research; Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments; Immune Cell Function and Interaction; Nerve injury and regeneration; Bone Tissue Engineering Materials; Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research; Immune Response and Inflammation; Cancer Cells and Metastasis; Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling; Cancer-related gene regulation; Reproductive Biology and Fertility; Wound Healing and Treatments